Resultado da pesquisa (4)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa Froelichia humboldtiana
#1 - Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by Froelichia humboldtiana in cattle
Abstract in English:
The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of two outbreaks of spontaneous poisoning caused by Froelichia humboldtiana in cattle in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil and reproduce experimentally this poisoning in cattle. Spontaneous poisonings of primary photosensitization occurred in two farms at the municipalities of Cachoeirinha and São Caetano and affected twenty-two adult bovines and two suckling calves after the rainy season. All bovines have recovered 21 days after they were removed from the pasture. To reproduce experimental poisoning, three cows and a calf were maintained in a pasture with 1ha composed by F. humboldtiana during 14 days. Clinical signs and skin lesions were similar in both spontaneous and experimental poisoning and consisted of cutaneous itching and hyperemia of non-pigmented areas of skin that evolved into edema, exudative dermatitis and extensive areas of skin necrosis. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), total, direct and indirect bilirubin were normal in all cattle examined. Histologically, lesions consisted of epidermal necrosis, hyperkeratosis with large amounts of degenerate neutrophils and acanthosis. In the dermis, edema and inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells mainly around the blood vessels were observed. In the experimental group, clinical signs of photosensitization were observed after the third day of F. humboldtiana consumption. The suckling calf displayed mild clinical signs of photodermatitis on the 8th day of the experiment. It was estimated that the average consumption of F. humboldtiana necessary to initiate clinical signs in each adult bovine was 78kg.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de dois surtos de intoxicação por Froelichia humboldtiana em bovinos em Pernambuco e reproduzir experimentalmente essa intoxicação em bovinos. Intoxicações espontâneas foram observadas após o início
do período chuvoso nos municípios de Cachoerinha e São Caetano. Vinte e dois bovinos apresentaram sinais clínicos e lesões cutâneas compatíveis com fotossensibilização primária dentre os quais, dois bezerros lactentes. Todos os bovinos se recuperaram totalmente cerca de 21 dias após serem retirados da pastagem. Para reproduzir experimentalmente a intoxicação, três vacas, uma delas com bezerro ao pé, foram mantidas em um piquete de 1ha composto por F. humboldtiana por 14 dias consecutivos. O quadro clínico e as lesões tegumentares, tanto nos bovinos intoxicados nos surtos espontâneos, quanto nos bovinos do experimento consistiram em prurido e hiperemia em áreas despigmentadas de pele, que evoluíam para edema, dermatite exsudativa e necrose de áreas extensas de pele. Em todos os bovinos examinados, os níveis séricos de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), bilirrubina total, direta e indireta estavam normais. Histologicamente, as lesões consistiram em necrose da epiderme, hiperqueratose com grande quantidade de neutrófilos degenerados e acantose. Na derme havia edema e infiltrado inflamatório composto por eosinófilos, linfócitos e plasmócitos principalmente ao redor dos vasos sanguíneos. Nos bovinos do experimento, sinais clínicos de fotossensibilização foram observados após o terceiro dia de consumo de F. humboldtiana. O bezerro lactente apresentou sinais clínicos leves de fotodermatite no 8º dia do experimento. Estimou-se que o consumo médio de matéria seca de F. humboldtiana necessário para iniciar os sinais clínicos em cada bovino adulto foi de 78kg.
#2 - Primary photosensitization in dairy cattle caused by Froelichia humboldtiana
Abstract in English:
The present study was conducted with the objective to report an outbreak of photosensitization caused by Froelichia humboldtiana in dairy cattle in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Animals from a rural property with symptoms compatible with photodermatitis were examined. Peripheral blood samples from five cattle were collected for the analysis of the activities of hepatic enzymes gammaglutamyltransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, in addition were also analysed the concentration of total, direct and indirect bilirubin. From the areas of skin with lesions of two animals, biopsies were performed. It was verified that 15 animals from a herd composed by 40 animals presented photosensitization. The animals had a history of photodermatitis lesions approximately 10 days after grazing in areas invaded by F. humboldtiana. Clinical examination of dairy cattle showed that they initially had pruritus and hyperemia in the depigmented areas of the dorsum and udder, and there were also behavioral changes. Subsequently, the hyperemic areas presented edema that evolved to ulcerative, necrotizing and exudative dermatitis, with loss of extensive areas of the epidermis. The ulcers were more severe in four bovines that had self-mutilation by licking. These four animals were removed from the pasture and sheltered in a shady location. A week later, the pruritus regressed and the fissures of the skin began to heal. However, the lesions reappeared after the cattle were reintroduced in the grass infested by F. humbolditiana. There was also a decrease in milk production (reduction of 50-60%) of cows after the installation of photodermatitis. However, calves that were still lactating and ingested the milk in photosensitized cows, showed no signs of photodermatitis. Histopathology of skin biopsies revealed inflammation in the superficial dermis consisting of mast cells, lymphocytes, and some plasma cells. In the epidermis there were extensive ulcers, covered by crusts, associated with neutrophilic infiltrate. Serum activities of AST, GGT and bilirubin concentrations were within normal reference values for the bovine species. The diagnosis of primary photosensitization associated with F. humboldtiana ingestion was based on epidemiology, clinical signs, serum biochemistry, skin biopsy and lesion reoccurrence after the animals were reintroduced in the pasture invaded by the plant. It is concluded that F. humboldtiana is an important cause of primary photosensitization in dairy cattle in the Brazilian semi-arid region and that its toxin is probably not excreted by bovine milk.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de relatar um surto de fotossensibilização causado por Froelichia humboldtiana em bovinos leiteiros no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram examinados animais de uma propriedade rural que apresentavam sintomatologia compatível com fotodermatite. Procedeu-se a coleta de amostras de sangue periférico de cinco bovinos para análise das atividades das enzimas hepáticas gamaglutamiltransferase e aspartatoaminotransferase, além da concentração de bilirrubina total, direta e indireta. Das áreas de pele com lesões de dois animais foram realizadas biópsias. Constatou-se que 15 animais de um rebanho composto por 40 animais apresentaram fotossemsibilização. Os animais tinham histórico de apresentar lesões de fotodermatite aproximadamente 10 dias após pastarem em áreas invadidas por F. humboldtiana. Ao exame clínico dos bovinos leiteiros notou-se que inicialmente apresentavam prurido e hiperemia nas áreas de pele despigmentadas do dorso e úbere, também havia alterações do comportamento. Posteriormente, as áreas hiperêmicas se apresentavam com edema que evoluíam para dermatite ulcerativa, necrotizante e exudativa, com perda de extensas áreas da epiderme. As úlceras eram mais graves nos quatro bovinos que apresentavam automutilação por lambedura. Esses quatro animais foram retirados do pasto e abrigados em local sombreado. Uma semana após, o prurido regrediu e as fissuras da pele passaram a cicatrizar. Porém, as lesões reapareceram logo após os bovinos serem reintroduzidas no pasto infestado por F. humbolditiana. Percebeu-se ainda queda na produção leiteira (redução de 50-60%) das vacas após a instalação de fotodermatite. Porém, os bezerros que ainda eram lactantes e ingeriam o leite nas vacas acometidas por fotossensibilização, não apresentaram sinais de fotodermatite. A histopatologia de biópsias de pele revelou inflamação na derme superficial constituída por mastócitos, linfócitos, e alguns plasmócitos. Na epiderme haviam extensas úlceras, recobertas por crostas, associada a infiltrado neutrofílico. As atividades séricas de AST, GGT e as concentrações de bilirrubina estavam dentro dos valores de referência normais para a espécie bovina. O diagnóstico de fotossensibilização primária associada à ingestão de F. humboldtiana foi baseado na epidemiologia, sinais clínicos, bioquímica sérica, biópsia de pele e reocorrência das lesões após os animais serem reintroduzidos no pasto invadido pela planta. Conclui-se que a F. humboldtiana é uma importante causa de fotossensibilização primária em bovinos leiteiros no semiárido brasileiro e que sua toxina provavelmente não é excretada pelo leite bovino.
#3 - Outbreaks of primary photosensitization in equidae caused by Froelichia humboldtiana, 34(12):1191-1195
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT. Knupp S.N.R., Borburema C.C., Oliveira Neto T.S., Medeiros R., Knupp L.S., Riet-Correa F. & Lucena R.B. 2014. [Outbreaks of primary photosensitization in equidae caused by Froelichia humboldtiana.] Surtos de fotossensibilização primária em equídeos causados por Froelichia humboldtiana. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(12):1191-1195. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Av. Universitária s/n, Bairro Santa Cecília, Cx. Postal 61, Patos, PB 58708-110, Brazil. E-mail: sheilanribeiro@hotmail.com
The study was conducted in order to report outbreaks of photosensitization caused by Froelichia humboldtiana in equidae in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Animals from three farms and donkeys found abandoned in roads were examined. Peripheral blood samples were collected from five donkeys and two horses for analysis of serum activities of liver enzymes and concentrations of total, direct and indirect bilirubin. Skin biopsies were collected from two donkeys and a horse for histopatological exams. Fifty donkeys, 18 horses and two mules were affected. Of the affected donkeys, 45 were raised on roadsides and 30 died due to myiasis and weakness. The animals had a history of presenting skin lesions of photodermatitis about one month after being grazing in areas invaded by F. humboldtiana and recovered 10-30 days after being removed from these areas. If the animals were reintroduced in the paddocks with F. humboldtiana, pruritus and self-mutilation returned in a week or two. Young and adults donkeys showed extensive ulcerated wounds, that drained abundant serous exudate. All these wounds resulted from trauma caused by secondary self-mutilation to intense itching. In addition, many wounds had myiasis. The horses and mules had lesions of photodermatitis only in the areas of depigmented skin, no ocular lesions were observed. Histopathology of skin biopsies revealed perivascular inflammation in the superficial dermis. The epidermis had extensive ulcers, covered by fibrin associated with neutrophilic infiltrate and numerous basophilic bacterial aggregates. The serum activities of AST, GGT and serum concentrations of bilirubin were within normal ranges. The diagnosis of primary photosensitization associated with ingestion of F. humboldtiana was based on the epidemiology, clinical signs, serum biochemistry, skin lesions, and the recurrence of lesions after the reintroduction of the animals into the pasture invaded by the plant. F. humboldtiana is an important cause of primary photosensitization in equidae in the Brazilian semiarid region, resulting in weakness and death of large numbers of animals, mainly donkeys that don’t receive proper treatment.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO. Knupp S.N.R., Borburema C.C., Oliveira Neto T.S., Medeiros R., Knupp L.S., Riet-Correa F. & Lucena R.B. 2014. [Outbreaks of primary photosensitization in equidae caused by Froelichia humboldtiana.] Surtos de fotossensibilização primária em equídeos causados por Froelichia humboldtiana. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(12):1191-1195. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Av. Universitária s/n, Bairro Santa Cecília, Cx. Postal 61, Patos, PB 58708-110, Brazil. E-mail: sheilanribeiro@hotmail.com
O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de relatar surtos de fotossensibilização causados por Froelichia humboldtiana em equídeos no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram examinados animais de três propriedades rurais, além de asininos abandonados nas estradas. Procedeu-se a coleta de amostras de sangue periférico de cinco jumentos e dois equinos para análise das atividades das enzimas hepáticas e concentrações de bilirrubina total, direta e indireta. Das áreas de pele com lesões de dois jumentos e de um equino foram realizadas biópsias. Constatou-se que 50 asininos, 18 equinos e duas mulas foram acometidos. Dos asininos acometidos, 45 eram jumentos criados soltos em margens de estradas. Relatou-se a morte de 30 jumentos em decorrência de miíases e debilidade. Os animais tinham histórico de apresentarem lesões de fotodermatite aproximadamente um mês após pastarem em áreas invadidas por F. humboldtiana e recuperavam-se das lesões 10 a 30 dias após serem retirados dessas áreas. Porém, o quadro de prurido e automutilação retornava em uma ou duas semanas quando os equídeos eram reintroduzidos nessas áreas. Ao exame clínico de asininos jovens e adultos, foram observadas feridas extensas, ulceradas, que drenavam exsudato seroso abundante. Todas essas feridas decorriam de traumas causados por automutilação secundária ao intenso prurido. Além disso, muitas das feridas apresentavam miíase. Os equinos e as mulas apresentavam lesões de fotodermatite somente nas áreas de pele despigmentadas, não sendo observadas lesões oculares. A avaliação histopatológica de biópsias de pele revelou inflamação perivascular na derme superficial. Na epiderme havia extensas úlceras, recobertas por fibrina associada a infiltrado neutrofílico e numerosos agregados bacterianos basofílicos superficiais. As atividades séricas de AST, GGT e as concentrações de bilirrubina no soro estavam dentro dos valores de referência. O diagnóstico de fotossensibilização primária associada à ingestão de F. humboldtiana foi baseado na epidemiologia, sinais clínicos, bioquímica sérica, biópsia de pele e reocorrência das lesões após os animais serem reintroduzidos no pasto invadido pela planta. Conclui-se que a F. humboldtiana é uma importante causa de fotossensibilização primária em equídeos no semiárido brasileiro, resultando em quadro de debilidade e morte de grande número de animais, principalmente asininos que não recebem tratamento adequado.
#4 - Fotossensibilização primária em eqüídeos e ruminantes no semi-árido causada por Froelichia humboldtiana (Amaranthaceae), p.23-28
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Pimentel L.A., Riet-Correa F., Guedes K.M., Macêdo J.T.S.A., Medeiros R.M.T. & Dantas A.F.M. 2007. [Primary photosensitization in equidae and ruminants in the Brazilian semi-arid caused by Froelichia humboldtiana (Amaranthaceae).] Fotossensibilização primária em eqüídeos e ruminantes no semi-árido causada por Froelichia humboldtiana (Amaranthaceae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(1):23-28. Hospital Veterinário, CSTR, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, PB 58708-110, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pesquisador.com.br
Photosensitization is common in the Brazilian semiarid, affecting mainly horses, but also donkeys, mules, sheep and cattle. The dermatitis affects mainly non pigmented skin, and the animals recover after being withdrawn from the pastures. To demonstrate the etiology of the disease, Froelichia humboldtiana (Roem. et Schult.) Seub., collected in the field one or two times a week and kept in the refrigerator for 1-4 days, was administered for 30 or more days as the only food ad libitum to 2 donkeys and one white sheep, and as the only forage ad libitum, to one white horse. No clinical signs were observed in those animals, and serum activities of aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were within normal ranges. In another experiment, one sheep was tied by a rope, during the day, in a pasture of exclusively F. humboldtiana for a 26 days period. Skin lesions characteristic of photosensitization appeared 4-5 days after the start of the experiment and became severe until day 26. After the withdrawal of the animal from the pasture on day 26 it fully recovered within 30 days. In another experiment, 4 sheep were tied by ropes in the same pasture, during the day, for a 29 days period. Another 4 control sheep were maintained in a neighboring pasture without F. humboldtiana. Skin lesions characteristic of photosensitization were observed after 11-25 days of F. humboldtiana grazing. Serum activities of AST and GGT, and serum levels of bilirubin were within normal ranges. At the end of the 29 days grazing F. humboldtiana, 2 sheep were euthanized, and 2 were withdrawn from the pastures. No gross or histologic liver lesions were observed on the 2 sheep euthanized; the other 2 sheep recovered within 17 and 20 days after the end of grazing. One mare and its foal grazed in the same pasture during 44 days. The mare that had a pigmented skin had no dermatitis, but the foal showed dermatitis on the white areas of the skin after 25 days of grazing. The two horses were withdrawn from the pastures after 44 days grazing, and the foal fully recovered within 15 days. These experiments indicate that F. humboldtiana causes primary photosensitization in domestic animals. The absence of lesions in animals ingesting the plant collected in the field and kept refrigerated suggests that F. humboldtiana lost toxicity after collection. The absence of lesions in the eyes of affected animal, which are characteristic of primary photosensitization caused by furocoumarins containing plants, suggests that F. humboldtiana contains a naphthodianthrone derivate, similar to those found in Fagopyrum esculentum and Hypericum perforatum which do not cause eye lesions.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Pimentel L.A., Riet-Correa F., Guedes K.M., Macêdo J.T.S.A., Medeiros R.M.T. & Dantas A.F.M. 2007. [Primary photosensitization in equidae and ruminants in the Brazilian semi-arid caused by Froelichia humboldtiana (Amaranthaceae).] Fotossensibilização primária em eqüídeos e ruminantes no semi-árido causada por Froelichia humboldtiana (Amaranthaceae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(1):23-28. Hospital Veterinário, CSTR, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, PB 58708-110, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pesquisador.com.br
Photosensitization is common in the Brazilian semiarid, affecting mainly horses, but also donkeys, mules, sheep and cattle. The dermatitis affects mainly non pigmented skin, and the animals recover after being withdrawn from the pastures. To demonstrate the etiology of the disease, Froelichia humboldtiana (Roem. et Schult.) Seub., collected in the field one or two times a week and kept in the refrigerator for 1-4 days, was administered for 30 or more days as the only food ad libitum to 2 donkeys and one white sheep, and as the only forage ad libitum, to one white horse. No clinical signs were observed in those animals, and serum activities of aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were within normal ranges. In another experiment, one sheep was tied by a rope, during the day, in a pasture of exclusively F. humboldtiana for a 26 days period. Skin lesions characteristic of photosensitization appeared 4-5 days after the start of the experiment and became severe until day 26. After the withdrawal of the animal from the pasture on day 26 it fully recovered within 30 days. In another experiment, 4 sheep were tied by ropes in the same pasture, during the day, for a 29 days period. Another 4 control sheep were maintained in a neighboring pasture without F. humboldtiana. Skin lesions characteristic of photosensitization were observed after 11-25 days of F. humboldtiana grazing. Serum activities of AST and GGT, and serum levels of bilirubin were within normal ranges. At the end of the 29 days grazing F. humboldtiana, 2 sheep were euthanized, and 2 were withdrawn from the pastures. No gross or histologic liver lesions were observed on the 2 sheep euthanized; the other 2 sheep recovered within 17 and 20 days after the end of grazing. One mare and its foal grazed in the same pasture during 44 days. The mare that had a pigmented skin had no dermatitis, but the foal showed dermatitis on the white areas of the skin after 25 days of grazing. The two horses were withdrawn from the pastures after 44 days grazing, and the foal fully recovered within 15 days. These experiments indicate that F. humboldtiana causes primary photosensitization in domestic animals. The absence of lesions in animals ingesting the plant collected in the field and kept refrigerated suggests that F. humboldtiana lost toxicity after collection. The absence of lesions in the eyes of affected animal, which are characteristic of primary photosensitization caused by furocoumarins containing plants, suggests that F. humboldtiana contains a naphthodianthrone derivate, similar to those found in Fagopyrum esculentum and Hypericum perforatum which do not cause eye lesions.
